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Glossary

Reinforcement learning

Artificial intelligence

Reinforcement learning is the form of machine learning in which an agent learns by trial and error, acting in an environment and receiving rewards or penalties.

Over time it finds the strategy that maximises the total reward. The idea comes from behavioural psychology; its computing form was systematised by Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto in the textbook Reinforcement Learning (1998). The best-known case is European: AlphaGo by DeepMind, a company founded in London, which in 2016 beat the champion Lee Sedol at the game of Go. The same method, with human judgement as the reward, is used today to make language models useful and safe.

An example

A system that chooses which offer to show each visitor and learns, from clicks and purchases, which one works best.

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